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Cybersecurity

Penetration Tester

You are paid to break in, with permission and in writing, and then explain exactly how.

No degree needed Hard, and the hardest part is the report rather than the exploit.


Read this first

Everything here is for testing systems you own or have written permission to test. Unauthorised access is a criminal offence in most countries, including under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act in the US and the Computer Misuse Act in the UK. Written authorisation, defined scope, agreed dates. No exceptions.

Can I actually do this?

Genuinely open without a degree — this field cares about demonstrable skill more than almost any other here. But it is rarely an entry-level job. In our reading of how these roles are advertised, people tend to arrive from help desk, networking, sysadmin or defensive security rather than straight off the street, and the free training below is excellent and deep.

Who it suits. People who are relentlessly curious about how a system can be made to misbehave, and who can write it up afterwards without gloating.

Runway. A year or more, realistically. This is not a first job in tech for most people.

Coming from another job?

Coming from support or defensive security? That is the normal route. You already know how systems are actually configured, which is where the holes are. Security Analyst Help Desk / IT Support

Also advertised as

  • Ethical Hacker
  • Offensive Security Engineer
  • Security Consultant
  • Red Teamer

The route

Four stations, in order. Each one is a thing you finish before the next matters.

  1. Station one

    Learn it free

    Only the best few, deliberately. Every one of these is free to use — the pill on each card says exactly what is and isn't free.

    PortSwigger Web Security Academy

    Free to learn · no certificate

    The best free offensive-security training that exists, from the makers of Burp Suite. Free labs and material, no certificate; PortSwigger's separate Burp certification is paid.

    OWASP Web Security Testing Guide

    Free to learn · no certificate

    The methodology. Free and open. This is what turns poking at a site into a repeatable test you can charge for.

    OWASP Top 10

    Free to learn · no certificate

    The vocabulary every interview uses. Free.

    See the full catalog in the explorer →

  2. Station two

    Attest strategically

    This field does have certifications that carry real weight, and several are expensive and hands-on. We are not naming one here because we have not verified current pricing and exam terms to this project's standard. What we can say plainly: do the free PortSwigger labs first. They cost nothing, they are harder than most paid courses, and if you cannot finish them a certificate will not help you.

    Nothing here is worth paying for

    No credential needed

    This field does have certifications that carry real weight, and several are expensive and hands-on. We are not naming one here because we have not verified current pricing and exam terms to this project's standard. What we can say plainly: do the free PortSwigger labs first. They cost nothing, they are harder than most paid courses, and if you cannot finish them a certificate will not help you.

  3. Station three

    Prove it

    A certificate says you passed a test. These say you can do the job.

    A write-up of a lab you solved

    Not the exploit — the reasoning. What you tried, what failed, why the successful path worked. Reports are the deliverable in this job.

    A finding with a real business impact statement

    Explain what an attacker could actually do to the organisation, in the language of someone who does not read code.

    Evidence you stayed in scope

    Show a rules-of-engagement document you worked to. Employers screen hard for people who understand authorisation, because the ones who do not are a liability.

  4. Station four

    Get hired

    Search these exact titles

    • penetration tester
    • ethical hacker
    • security consultant
    • offensive security engineer

    Who hires for this. Security consultancies (the usual first employer), large in-house security teams, and government.

    Written lab reports are checkable by anyone who reads them, and they evidence the part of the job that is hardest to fake. That is our reasoning about what is inspectable, not a hiring statistic we have verified.

    On salary

    We don't publish salary estimates. Numbers copied between blogs drift from reality, and a wrong number costs you real negotiating power. When we have a verified public source, it goes here with its date.


Where this route continues

· How we verify